DOES INTRINSIC MOTIVATION MEDIATE THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY? THE MODERATION MODEL OF TASK COMPLEXITY
Keywords:
: Employee Training, Intrinsic Motivation, Task Complexity, and Employee Creativity.
Abstract
Purpose-This research aims to determine the impact of employee training. The research proposes the mediating-moderating model on employee creativity. The mediator intrinsic motivation, mediates the relationship of employee training and employee creativity. The moderator task complexity moderates the relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee creativity. The focus of this study lies in implementing ways through which the employee creativity in a firm is increased.
Methodology- Convenience sampling uses to collect date through questionnaire from 250 individual employees are currently working in the corporate sector of Pakistan. Data was analyzed through structural equation modeling, which included the sections of confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis.
Result- The three hypotheses were accepted and supported by significant findings of existing researchers.
These findings help concluding that employee training if nurtured in the corporate sector of Pakistan would significantly alleviate the employee creativity in the working environment. Fruitful advantages can then be achieved by increasing employee creativity which would indirectly benefit the firm itself.
References
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Amabile, T. M. (1993). "Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace." Human resource management review 3(3): 185-201
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in Context (Boulder, CO, Westview Press).
Ameeq-ul-Ameeq, H. F. (2013). "Superior University Lahore." Journal of Business Studies Quarterly 4(4): 20-32.
Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bartel, A. P. (1994). Productivity gains from the implementation of employee training programs. Industrial relations: a journal of economy and society, 33(4), 411-425.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership: A response to critiques.
Campbell, D. J. (1988). Task complexity: A review and analysis. Academy of management review, 13(1), 40-52.
Chang, S., Jia, L., Takeuchi, R., & Cai, Y. (2014). Do high-commitment work systems affect creativity? A multilevel combinational approach to employee creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 665.
Chiaburu, D. S., & Tekleab, A. G. (2005). Individual and contextual influences on multiple dimensions of training effectiveness. Journal of European Industrial Training.
Ceylan, C., & Dul, J. (2007, June). Expert opinions on human resource practices for creativity stimulating work environments for innovation in Turkey, The Netherlands, and Brazil. In Changes in society, changes in organizations, and the changing role of HRM: Managing international human resources in a complex world. Proceedings of the 9th International Human Resource Conference.
Coelho, F., Augusto, M., & Lages, L. F. (2011). Contextual factors and the creativity of frontline employees: The mediating effects of role stress and intrinsic motivation. Journal of retailing, 87(1), 31-45.
Dean, J. W. JR. and Snell, SA, 1991, Integrated manufacturing and job design. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 776-804.
Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 580.
Dul, J., & Ceylan, C. (2011). Work environments for employee creativity. Ergonomics, 54(1), 12-20.
Dewett, T. (2007). Linking intrinsic motivation, risk-taking, and employee creativity in an R&D environment. R&D Management, 37(3), 197-208.
Dysvik, A., & Kuvaas, B. (2008). The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(3), 138-157.
Eke, G. J. (2018). Contemporary Issues in Employee Motivation and Performance in Organizations. Social Sciences, 5(1).
Gilson, L. L. (2008). Why be creative: A review of the practical outcomes associated with creativity at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Handbook of organizational creativity, 303-322.
Girden, E. R. (1992). ANOVA: Repeated measures (No. 84). Sage.
Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
Grant, A. M., & Berry, J. W. (2011). The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective-taking, and creativity. Academy of management journal, 54(1), 73-96.
Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: The mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778.
Güllü, T. (2016). Impact of training and development programs on the motivation of employees in the banking sector. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(6), 90-99.
Hanif, F. (2013). Impact of training on employee development and performance in the hotel industry of Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of business studies quarterly, 4(4), 68.
Hine, D. and Carson, D. eds., 2007. Innovative methodologies in enterprise research. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hirst, G., Van Knippenberg, D., & Zhou, J. (2009). A cross-level perspective on employee creativity: Goal orientation, team learning behavior, and individual creativity. Academy of management journal, 52(2), 280-293.
Ikechukwu, N. P., Hart, R. I., Ezeh, J. I., Bridget, I., & Jude-Peters, A. (2019). Employee Motivation and Job Performance of Selected Construction Companies in Rivers State. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 9(4), 130-137.
Kraiger, K., & Ford, J. K. (2007). The expanding role of workplace training: Themes and trends influencing training research and practice. Historical perspectives in industrial and organizational psychology, 281-309.
Kulkarni, P. P. (2013). A literature review on training & development and quality of work life. Researchers World, 4(2), 136.
Markland, D. (1999). Self-determination moderates the effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation in an exercise setting. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(4), 351-361.
McNabb, D.E., 2015. Research methods in public administration and nonprofit management. Routledge.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89.
Naong, M. (2014). "The impact of skills-development training on lower-level employee’s motivation and job satisfaction–A case-study of five South African companies."Neumann, W. P., & Dul, J. (2010). Human factors: spanning the gap between OM and HRM. International journal of operations & production management.
Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of management journal, 39(3), 607-634.
Peri, S. (2012). Factor Analysis-KMO-Bartlett's Test & Rotated Component Matrix. Business Analytics, 1.
Scott, S.G., & Bruce, R.A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607.
Staw, B. M. (1990). An evolutionary approach to creativity and innovation.
Terborg, J. R., & Miller, H. E. (1978). Motivation, behavior, and performance: A closer examination of goal setting and monetary incentives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(1), 29.
Thomas, K. W. (2000). Intrinsic motivation at work: Building energy & commitment. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Tsai, P. C. F., Yen, Y. F., Huang, L. C., & Huang, C. (2007). A study on motivating employees’ learning commitment in the post-downsizing era: Job satisfaction perspective. Journal of World Business, 42(2), 157-169.
Tymon, W. G., Stumpf, S. A., & Doh, J. P. (2010). Exploring talent management in India: The neglected role of intrinsic rewards. Journal of World Business, 45(2), 109–121.
Valcour, M. (2007). Work-based resources as moderators of the relationship between work hours and satisfaction with work-family balance. Journal of applied psychology, 92(6), 1512.
Wood, R. E., Mento, A. J., & Locke, E. A. (1987). Task complexity as a moderator of goal effects: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 72(3), 416.
Zhou, J., & Shalley, C. E. (2003). Research on employee creativity: A critical review and directions for future research.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of management journal, 53(1), 107-128.
Amabile, T. M. (1993). "Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace." Human resource management review 3(3): 185-201
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in Context (Boulder, CO, Westview Press).
Ameeq-ul-Ameeq, H. F. (2013). "Superior University Lahore." Journal of Business Studies Quarterly 4(4): 20-32.
Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bartel, A. P. (1994). Productivity gains from the implementation of employee training programs. Industrial relations: a journal of economy and society, 33(4), 411-425.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership: A response to critiques.
Campbell, D. J. (1988). Task complexity: A review and analysis. Academy of management review, 13(1), 40-52.
Chang, S., Jia, L., Takeuchi, R., & Cai, Y. (2014). Do high-commitment work systems affect creativity? A multilevel combinational approach to employee creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 665.
Chiaburu, D. S., & Tekleab, A. G. (2005). Individual and contextual influences on multiple dimensions of training effectiveness. Journal of European Industrial Training.
Ceylan, C., & Dul, J. (2007, June). Expert opinions on human resource practices for creativity stimulating work environments for innovation in Turkey, The Netherlands, and Brazil. In Changes in society, changes in organizations, and the changing role of HRM: Managing international human resources in a complex world. Proceedings of the 9th International Human Resource Conference.
Coelho, F., Augusto, M., & Lages, L. F. (2011). Contextual factors and the creativity of frontline employees: The mediating effects of role stress and intrinsic motivation. Journal of retailing, 87(1), 31-45.
Dean, J. W. JR. and Snell, SA, 1991, Integrated manufacturing and job design. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 776-804.
Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 580.
Dul, J., & Ceylan, C. (2011). Work environments for employee creativity. Ergonomics, 54(1), 12-20.
Dewett, T. (2007). Linking intrinsic motivation, risk-taking, and employee creativity in an R&D environment. R&D Management, 37(3), 197-208.
Dysvik, A., & Kuvaas, B. (2008). The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(3), 138-157.
Eke, G. J. (2018). Contemporary Issues in Employee Motivation and Performance in Organizations. Social Sciences, 5(1).
Gilson, L. L. (2008). Why be creative: A review of the practical outcomes associated with creativity at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Handbook of organizational creativity, 303-322.
Girden, E. R. (1992). ANOVA: Repeated measures (No. 84). Sage.
Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
Grant, A. M., & Berry, J. W. (2011). The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective-taking, and creativity. Academy of management journal, 54(1), 73-96.
Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: The mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778.
Güllü, T. (2016). Impact of training and development programs on the motivation of employees in the banking sector. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(6), 90-99.
Hanif, F. (2013). Impact of training on employee development and performance in the hotel industry of Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of business studies quarterly, 4(4), 68.
Hine, D. and Carson, D. eds., 2007. Innovative methodologies in enterprise research. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hirst, G., Van Knippenberg, D., & Zhou, J. (2009). A cross-level perspective on employee creativity: Goal orientation, team learning behavior, and individual creativity. Academy of management journal, 52(2), 280-293.
Ikechukwu, N. P., Hart, R. I., Ezeh, J. I., Bridget, I., & Jude-Peters, A. (2019). Employee Motivation and Job Performance of Selected Construction Companies in Rivers State. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 9(4), 130-137.
Kraiger, K., & Ford, J. K. (2007). The expanding role of workplace training: Themes and trends influencing training research and practice. Historical perspectives in industrial and organizational psychology, 281-309.
Kulkarni, P. P. (2013). A literature review on training & development and quality of work life. Researchers World, 4(2), 136.
Markland, D. (1999). Self-determination moderates the effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation in an exercise setting. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(4), 351-361.
McNabb, D.E., 2015. Research methods in public administration and nonprofit management. Routledge.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89.
Naong, M. (2014). "The impact of skills-development training on lower-level employee’s motivation and job satisfaction–A case-study of five South African companies."Neumann, W. P., & Dul, J. (2010). Human factors: spanning the gap between OM and HRM. International journal of operations & production management.
Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of management journal, 39(3), 607-634.
Peri, S. (2012). Factor Analysis-KMO-Bartlett's Test & Rotated Component Matrix. Business Analytics, 1.
Scott, S.G., & Bruce, R.A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607.
Staw, B. M. (1990). An evolutionary approach to creativity and innovation.
Terborg, J. R., & Miller, H. E. (1978). Motivation, behavior, and performance: A closer examination of goal setting and monetary incentives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(1), 29.
Thomas, K. W. (2000). Intrinsic motivation at work: Building energy & commitment. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Tsai, P. C. F., Yen, Y. F., Huang, L. C., & Huang, C. (2007). A study on motivating employees’ learning commitment in the post-downsizing era: Job satisfaction perspective. Journal of World Business, 42(2), 157-169.
Tymon, W. G., Stumpf, S. A., & Doh, J. P. (2010). Exploring talent management in India: The neglected role of intrinsic rewards. Journal of World Business, 45(2), 109–121.
Valcour, M. (2007). Work-based resources as moderators of the relationship between work hours and satisfaction with work-family balance. Journal of applied psychology, 92(6), 1512.
Wood, R. E., Mento, A. J., & Locke, E. A. (1987). Task complexity as a moderator of goal effects: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 72(3), 416.
Zhou, J., & Shalley, C. E. (2003). Research on employee creativity: A critical review and directions for future research.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of management journal, 53(1), 107-128.
Published
2020-10-13
How to Cite
Muhammad Nazim,Abid Hussain Nadeem,Muhammad Suhail Sharif,Nayyra Zeb, Sidra Ghazanfar,Mehmood Ali. (2020). DOES INTRINSIC MOTIVATION MEDIATE THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY? THE MODERATION MODEL OF TASK COMPLEXITY . Epistemology, 7(3), 112-124. Retrieved from http://journal.epistemology.pk/index.php/epistemology/article/view/133
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Articles
